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M. S. RICHARDSON 80 B. APBOND.

VALVE GEAR FOR DIREGT Amine ENGINES. No. 61,462.

PaQten t ed JaJn. 22,1867.

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M. S. RICHARDSON AND ERASMUS 'A.' PON D, OF RUTLAND, VERMONT.

Letters Patent No. 61,462,0Zdtecl January 22, 1867.

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TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN Be it known that we, M. S. Rronnnnsox, and Enssnns A. POND, both of Rutland, in the county of Butland, and State of Vermont, have invented ccrtainfinew and useful improvements in Valves for Steam Engines or other elastic fluid motors; and we hereby declare the following to be affull and exact description of the same, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section on the line :cx, fig. 3, of a steam air-pump to which our improvements are applied.

Figure 2 is a transverse vertical section of the same, on the line 3/ 3 fig. 3; and

Figure 3 is a plan view.

Our invention relates to the valves and valve-gear of steam or gas engines, and -1ts object is to lessen the. friction on'the valves and to simplify their construction andarrangem'ent, as well as the construction and arrangement of the valvegear. According to our invention the valves are of extremely simple construction, consisting of cylindrical plungers or pistons, sliding in cylindrical recesses formedin the steam chestor valve chamber. These recesses extend from the top through the bottom of the steam chest, and communicate through suitable ports with the steam cylinder. The valves are operated by means of valve-gear or a system of levers entirely enclosed within the steam cylinder and chest, and so arranged that at each stroke the steam piston will directly actuate the gear within the cylinder, in order to open and close the ports or channels necessary to efl'ect the return of the piston.

To enable thnse'skilled in the art museums and-use our invention, we will now proceed to describe the manner in which the same is or may be carried into eil'ect by reference to the accompanying drawings.

The steam cylinder A to which our invention is applied is a stationary horizontal cylinder, having on its top'thcsteam chest or valve-chamber B, provided 'with the induction and eduction pipes CD, which connect with the channels a b. On each side of the latter are vertical cylindrical chambers, ad, extending from the top of the chest through the bottom, and at right angles to the steam cylinder A. The chambers are fitted with cylindrical valve-pistons or plungers hereinafter described. The central ports a I) open into the chambersc d, at 1, 2, 3, and 4, as shown in the drawings. The ports 1 2, through which the steam enters the cylinder are in the lower part of the steam chest, while the ports 3 through which the steam is led to the exhaust D, are located in. the top of the chest. In each end of the steam chest are formed ports, e f, to establish communication between the exhaust pipe and the steam cylinder A. The supply and eduction ports e 1 andf2 are alternatcly opened and shut by means of their respective cylindrical valves E F, fitting in the cylindrical chambers ed, in which they are made to slide by means of the valve-gear about to be described. The length of the valves ,is such that when they are moved up to close their respective cduction port's e and f, the induction ports 1 and 2'shall he lcft open. The exhaust ports a andf, and the tubular chambers c d, open into the ports 9 it, formed in the steam cylinder, which are of such size asto contain part of the valve gea'r. The valve-gear is composed of a system of lovers, arranged and combined so as to be entirely contained and enclosed within the steam cylinder and valve-chest. The upper levers 1'']; are attached to the opposite sides of a central rock-shaft or spindle, G, in the top of the cylinder. A, and are connected with valves E F- by links '2 z. Under their ends are.

placed the longer arms ll of angle-levers or bell-cranks, pivoted to the steam cylinder in suitably formed recesses which constitute part of the p crts g h.- The shorter arins mm of the bellcranks extend downwards and have placed behind them, or between them and the respective ends of the steam cylinder, the short arms 1! n of lever, pivoted to the ends'of the cylinder, whose longer arms 0.0 extend downward to near the bottom of the cylinder A, and project out some distance from its ends, (as shown at o, fig. 1,) when their correspondinginduction ports are closed. In the drawings, the course of the live steam is indicated by the blue arrow and that. of the exhaust is marked in red lines. The piston H is represented as being on the move and about to complete its forward stroke in the direction of the arrows. At the termination of the stroke, it will have pressed back the lever 0 against the end of the steam cylinder, thus throwing forward the'short arm n, which (muses the lifting of the longer arm I of the angle-lever. This, in turn, raises the lev r-arm driving up the valve E, which opens the induction port 1, and at thefsame time closes the exhaust port e.; Simultaneouslywith this movement of the lever-arm z', the lever- 7.: on the opposite side of the rock-shaft G is depressed, carrying with it the valve F, which now opens the exhaust port f and closes the supply port 2, at. the'same time forcing down the lever Z, and, by the action of the arm m on the arm 72., causing the lever o' to project out into the cylinder, and thus putting it in position to be acted on by the piston on its return stroke. We have shown in the drawing ourinvention as applied in connection with an air-pump. It will, however, be of course understood that it is equally applicable to locomotive and marine engines or to those used in the industrial arts.

Having thus described our invention and the manner in which the same is or may be carried into effect, whatwe claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The piston-valves connected with and directly actuated by a system of levers, operated by the steam piston, as herein described, so as to effect the induction and eduotion of steam to and from the steam cylinder. 2. The combination of the piston-valves with an oscillating lever, actuated by auxiliary levers, arranged within the steam chest and cylinder, substantially as shown and-set forth. v

3. The combination, with a system of levers, located within the steam chest and cylinde'r, and actuated by the steam piston as decribed, of the cylindrical plungers or piston-valves sliding in recesses formed in the steam oheston each side of the central steam-admission and exhaust chambers, substantially as herein shown and specified. r

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification before two subscribing witnesses. M. S. RICHARDSON, ERASMUS A- POND. Witnesses:

Jns. MERE-ELL, WM. 'Y. RIPLEY. 

